价值、性别和反认同政治——论斯匹瓦克的属下阶层理论

Value,Gender and Anti-identitarian Politics:Speculations on G.C.Spivak's Subaltern Theory

20世纪二三十年代意共领袖、西马领路人安东尼.葛兰西提出属下阶层概念。五六十年代英国左派历史学家关注现代政治意义上的前政治意识和原始反叛。80年代初印度属下阶层研究小组系统论述后殖民属下阶层反殖民政治和意识特征。借重新阐释马克思的价值论,斯匹瓦克进一步将属下阶层研究与女权连接,为属下阶层研究注入反认同政治内容,反思认同政治主宰的全球化公共空间中人文学科和人文知识分子的反认同政治使命及其可行性。

In the 1920s and 30s Antonio Gramsci, the leader of Italian Communist Party and the pioneer of Western Marxism, first presented the concept of subaltemity. In the 1950s and 60s British Marxist historians elaborated on pre-political consciousness and primitive rebellion in the name of modem politics. In early 1980s the Indian Subaltern Studies Group made systematic studies of subaltern anti-colonial politics and subaltern consciousness. By re-interpreting the Marxist concept of value, G. C. Spivak further connected subaltern studies with feminism, foregrounded the anti-identitarian aspect of subaltemity, and reflected on the anti-identitarian political mission and practicability of the human sciences and human intellectuals in the global public sphere dominated by identitarian violence.