跨界民族文化景区核心利益相关者的共生整合机制——以泸沽湖景区为例

A study on the symbiotic integrative mechanism of key stakeholders in the transboundary ethnic cultural scenic spot:A case of the scenic spots in Lugu Lake area of Yunnan Province

文章运用利益相关者(stakeholder)理论并协同共生(symbiosis)理论的分析方法,对跨界民族文化景区的核心利益相关者作了界定,并就其共生关系、共生模式进行了模型建构;结合泸沽湖景区典型案例,构建了该类景区核心利益相关者共生博弈框架。研究表明:“S-S”理论的协同应用,对于跨界民族文化景区业已显现的核心利益相关者关系问题的剖析与诊断具有较强的分析力和解释力,可为整合冲突与建立协作机制提供理论依据;对滇、川两省告别“一湖两治”,共同申报泸沽湖世界自然与文化双重遗产具有现实意义。

Since the present stakeholder theory cannot systematically analyse and resolve the problems concerning the relationship of patterns of interest, organizational forms of coordination, and optimized coordination mechanism and trajortories of the stakeholders,this paper, using stakeholder theory in combination with the symbiotic analytical method, defines the key stakeholders in the transboundary ethnic sultural scenic spots and builds models relating to symbiotic relationship and symbiotic models; and, based on the typical case of the Lugu Lake scenic spots, builds a symbiotic game of chess analysis framework in such a kind of scenic spots. The study indicates that the coordinated application of S-S （stakeholder, symbiosis） theory has stronger power of analysis and explanation to the theoretical analysis and diagnosis of the relationship problems of the key stakeholders already occurred in the scenic spots of tourism so as to provide basis for the integration of conflicts and the establishment of coordination mechanism, and moreover, to explore new channels of the theoretical analysis for solving the problems. Specifically, according to the symbiotic theory, the key stakeholder groups in the scenic spots are defined and, in light of symbiotic conditions of the symbiotic units having quality compatible with parameters （e. g. interest）, takes it as symbiotic units among the various hierarchies and identifies the symbiotic relationship among them; and then, in accordance with the various types of behaviors spoiling the public interests existeding in the symbiotic models and imperfections of the organizational forms, combining predesigned profits relatively equilibrium goal （such as from P1 to P4, M1 to M4） matching the improved stage interests of Pareto, it is possible to put forward management strategies and improvement schemes corresponding to the optimized symbiosis for the key stakeholders. In view of the philosophy, contradiction is the internal dynamics and necessary product of objects development. It is just because of the emergence, mitigation and elimination of the contradictions and conflicts as well as their reemergence, remitigation and reelimination in the symbiotic status that makes this process not only keep a reversible state but what is more, makes us find out internal law and mechanism from it. The is of certain theoretical value and profound practical significance to the construction of harmonious society and harmonious culture and getting rid of the ＂one lake, two management schemes＂ of Yunnan and Sichuan provinces as well as bidding for world natural and cultural heritage of the Lugu Lake.