梁山慈竹在退耕还林中的水土保持效应研究

Effect of Dendrocalamus farinosus Plantation on Soil and Water Conservation

利用小型径流观测场对比观测降雨时间集中的梁山慈竹林和未退耕种植红薯的耕地的17次降雨、10次水土流失过程进行效益对比,分析侵蚀量、径流量与降雨因子的关系。结果表明,退耕还梁山慈竹林的穿透降水率为89.14%,茎流率平均为1.57%,林冠截持降水率为9.29%;凋落物层的最大持水量约为27.54 t.hm-2,相当于水深2.4～3.3 mm,占降水量的14.46%～19.88%;与未退耕地相比,梁山慈竹林的平均径流量比耕地减少24.6%,而耕地侵蚀量约是林地的4.7倍,林地降水的泥沙侵蚀平均减少量达到78.56%。梁山慈竹有较好的水土保持作用,能够明显地减少地表径流和泥沙侵蚀。

Filed observation was made on 10 times of water and soil erosion process and 17 times of precipitation at standard runoff plots. Analysis on relation between erosion capacity and runoff quantity with rainfall factor at bamboo plantation and farming land showed that throughfall rate in Dendrocalamus farinosus forest was 89.14%, average stemflow rate 1.57%, and canopy interception rate 9.29%. Litter intercepting capacity was 27.54t/ha, about 2.4-3.3mm rainfall, which took 14.46-19.88% of rainfall. The average runoff in D. farinosus plantation reduced by 24.6% compared to that in farmland and average soil erosion quantity by 78.56% which showed that D. farinosus forest had advantage on soil and water conservation for slope farming lands.