牛奶中铅和镉对人体健康风险的评价

Health Risk Assessment of Contaminants in Milk in Wuhan Country

本研究通过近年来对武汉市市售的19种不同品牌牛奶中的污染物(Pb、Cd)进行监测,并采用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对牛奶中的Pb和Cd对公众健康危害的风险度进行了探讨和研究。结果表明,化学致癌物Cd所致的个人年风险为1.80×10-6a-1,占到总风险的99.94%,远远高于非致癌污染物Pb所致健康危害的个人年风险。国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的风险最大可接受水平为5×10-5a-1,目前武汉市市售的牛奶中由于Pb和Cd所致的个人年风险尚不足以造成对人体的危害。

Concentrations of contaminants（Cd, Pb）in milk obtained from supermarkets in Wuhan were studied based on a total of 19 random samples. Health risks associated with concentrations of contaminants in drinking water were assessed by using USEPA health risk assessment model. The results showed that the chemical carcinogen Cd is the principal pollutant. Individual annual risk （IAR） of Cd is 1.80× 10^-6 a^-1, as health risk 99.94% in the total risks and far more important than that of the other chemical carcinogen Pb. However, the annual risk factor caused by Cd and Pb for milk is far lower than the recommended maximum risk factor of 5 × 10^-5a^-1 according to the international coalition of radioactive protection （ICRP）, so not risky to health.