从八旗驻防到地方行政制度——以清代盛京八旗驻防制度的嬗变为中心

From the Baqi Garrison to the Local Administrative System:The evolution of the Baqi Garrison in Shengjing

清代承平日久,驻防盛京的旗人逐渐卷入当地的社会生活,由客居变为土著。旗人社会的变化,使以军事防御为主的八旗驻防制度发生了重大变革。本文通过对清代盛京八旗驻防制度的考察,认为驻防旗官从行政、司法、经济诸领域渗入地方社会的管理,八旗驻防的地方政府不断完善,与民官一起,成为区域社会的重要管理者。盛京将军辖区的"城"已成为驻防区约定俗成的政区,拥有治所、幅员、边界、行政组织等,驻防制度逐渐演变为带有八旗制度特征的地方行政制度。

Due to the long peaceful period in Qing Dynasty, the garrison in Shengjing, known as Qiren, had adapted to the local life style, which transformed them from traveling visitors to local residents. The garrison officials gradually participated in the governance of local affairs such as administration, justice and economy. In such process, they became important governors besides local officials, thanks to their ceaseless improvement in local administration. The ‘cities’, in martial governance regions in capital, became conventional districts and the mechanism of garrison governance turned into a local administrative system with martial characteristics.