“化腐朽为神奇”的食用菌加工业——访中国食用菌协会副会长毛传福

The Eible Fungi Industry——Change the Decayed to the Mysterious

中国是世界上最早认识并利用食用菌的国家。早在公元前240年就有食用食用菌的记载，随之在医疗方面得到应用；公元600年开始食用菌的野生驯化和人工栽培；公元14世纪，成功研究了香菇的人工栽培技术。之后，食用菌传入日本并逐步在世界其它地区得到应用。目前，世界上广泛栽培的木耳、银耳、平菇、茯苓、竹荪等十余种食用菌大多数起源于中国。19世纪末20世纪初，一些国外留学人员的研究和传播交流，推动了食用菌栽培业的发展。但是，食用菌仅停留在农业层面很难获得突破性的进展。

As a pioneer,Chinese people began to know the edible fungus since B.C.240.After that,edible fungus was applied in medical treatment further.After World War Ⅱ,the application of edible fungus developed fastly and started to industrialize in Europe and America.Edible fungus increased at the rate of 7% in Europe and America in 1960s and the output accounted for 90% in world.However,Chinese edible fungus industry began to develop from 1949.And after the reform and open policy implementing,edible fungus industry developed remarkably.Annual output has increased to 14 million tons that accounts for 70% of total output in the world.There are 720 kinds of edible fungus in China,180 of them have good taste and quality.And generally,the demand of edible fungus in the world grows at the rate of 3%～5% annually. The edible fungus is rich in protein,lnicroelements and vitamins and thus is recognized as one of the optimal sources of protein and other nutrients.FAO recommends a daily recipe:'Some meat,some fungus and some vegetables'.In addition,the fungus also contains abundant functional ingredients,including polysaccharide,polyphenol and glycoprotein etc. There are still certain problems in edible fungus industry,such as lack of fungi genus protection,standards of cultivating and famous edible fungus brands,low rate of science and technology transformation,and criterion is always fall behind NPD.But the major problem is that the varieties of deep processing products are very limited and most are following the leading manufactures.Thus,it is necessary to strengthen deep processing though independent innovation,analyzing the market and subdividing products. The deputy president of China edible fungus association,Mao said,'China edible fungus industry is still in its infancy which needs attention from the staff working in this industry.'He hoped that edible fungus would become the daily diet through developing Fungus foodstuff.