大负荷力量训练对举重运动员有氧能力的影响

Study on Aerobic Ability of Weight Lifters during High Load Resistance Training

目的:探讨大负荷力量训练对举重运动员造血机能、最大耗氧量及运动后血乳酸动力学的影响。方法:选25名优秀男子举重运动员,完成为期5周“二大一调整”式力量训练,其中,第1、2周为大负荷周,第3周为调整周,第4、5周为大负荷周,第4周冲击最大负荷。大负荷周为目标总重量30000kg/d,每天2次训练课,调整负荷为目标总重量小于15000kg/天,每天1次训练课,每周训练6天。于训练前、训练第1、2、3、4、5周取周训练结束后次日晨基础状态静脉血测定红系指标,于试验前、后测定最大耗氧量(V.O2max)及.VO2max测试结束后0、5、10、15min血乳酸变化趋势。结果:训练期间红细胞(RBC)、红细胞压积(Hct)、血红蛋白(Hgb)、血小板(Plt)、血小板压积(Pct)均较试验前显著性下降,但在第5周红细胞、血红蛋白均出现回复性变化;平均红细胞体积(MCV)减小,而平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)均呈增加趋势;调整周内血红蛋白不仅没有回复,反而呈显著性下降。训练期间外周血网织红细胞(Ret)先增加后回复。5周训练后,V.O2max较训练前显著提高,.VO2max测试后0、5、10、15min血乳酸低于训练前对应点。结论:一定量的大负荷力量训练提高运动员红系造血活动及V.O2max;一定量大负荷力量训练改变定量负荷后血乳酸代谢的动力学特征,其可能的机制是机体清除乳酸的能力提高。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of aerobic ability of male weight lifters to high load resistance training. Twenty-five well trained weight lifters were recruited to take part in the resistance training program of five weeks, which one week is low load and two week high. The total volume reaches the 3000kg per day, six day per week. The result shows that reticulocyte increased in pre-phase and decrease in the last week. There was significant decreases in RBC, Hgb and Hct during response to high load resistance training. After five-week training, the VO2 max were increased significantly and the levels of blood lactate at 0,5,10,15 minute after graded cycling exercise were lower than that before training. It concluded that high load resistance training led to a transient tendency to anemia, and eventually increased the aerobic ability of weight lifters.