从人文科学考古学到人的消失——福柯哲学思想初探

From Archaeology for Humanities to Disappearance of Man

福柯的人文科学考古学,其关键就是要揭示出人文知识的认识型断裂,从而为现代人文知识的建构提供说明。而现代人文科学的核心就是人的出现。在福柯看来,所谓人的出现,不仅是说现代人文知识给予了人一个特殊的位置,而是说从此以后,人们可以思考人了,人成为认识的对象或客体。然而,一旦人成为同世界上其他事物一样的认识对象或客体的话,那么,人就正在从这个世界中消失。由于人正在消失,主体正在被颠覆,因此,福柯认为,这就意味着屈从于主体的整个西方文明也必将发生翻天覆地的变化。

The key of Michel Foucault＇ s archaeology for humanities is to disclose the breaking-up of humanity＇ s cognitive types in order to supply the understanding of the modern humanities is Man＇ s appearance according give Man as a peculiar position, but also means Man to be of the building of modern humanities. The core Foucault. Man＇s appearance not only means to regarded as a cognitive object or an object. Once Man becomes a cognitive object or an object as other things in the world, however, Man is vanishing quietly from the world. Therefore, Foucault reconsiders that the disappearance means the great changes of the whole western civilization founded on the subject owe to the disappearance of Man and the upset of subject.