中国的“城镇化”与发展中国家城市化的教训

Township-zations in China and the Lessons from the Ubanization in Developing Countries

鉴于国情约束,中国不具备一般性地模仿欧美现代化进程中以工业化带动城市化的条件。1998年我国明确提出的"城镇化"战略,是对县及县以下城镇在国家没有投资的情况下仍然大量增加的客观情况的认可,但许多实际问题导致"城镇化"陷入僵局。中国应该借鉴国际经验,避免其它人口过亿的大型发展中国家大城市盲目扩张导致的大量贫民窟、黑社会犯罪等造成现代化进程中辍的不稳定问题。当前"城镇化"发展的关键在于改革农村社区土地和乡镇企业产权关系,优先发展中心镇,同时改革地方治理结构,理顺建制镇与村自治的关系。

China cannot simply duplicate the urbanization approach developed countries had used, due to the hard constraint of the largest population with limited resources endowment. In fact, there are numbers of county towns and rural townships continued to increase without the government investment during the last over 20 years in China, but has constantly hindered resent years by many factors, which drew queries about the validity of the ‘Township - zation Strategy＇ Reference to the international experiences, China should avoid the serious social problems caused by the indiscriminately expansion of big slums around mega cities in other large developing countries. Key point of propelling the government strategy of township - zation is to rationalize the property right of rural lands and rural enterprises, and put the development of center town to the top priority in investment decision. At the same time, government should seek a better balance between the township authority and the autonomous villages for restructure the local governance.