赤芍白芍划分的本草学源流

The development and evolution of differentiation between Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae

芍药分赤芍与白芍，始于南北朝时期，当时均来源于多种芍药属野生植物。宋代以根的颜色划分赤芍与白芍，元朝至清代以花的颜色为划分依据，近代则以是否栽培以及加工方法等为依据。宋代至明代时期，赤芍与白芍均多为栽培观赏芍药，由于医家对野生芍药的推崇，最终选育了单瓣花的药用栽培芍药。当前的芍药类药材的划分方法形成于20世纪。

The root of Paeonia Lactiflora Pall. was differentiated into Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, most of which were, by then, sourced from the wild plants of Paeonia. In the Song Dynasty, the differentiation of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba was based on the color of its root, and from Yuan to Qing Dynasty, based on the color of its flower. In modern times, this is based on whether it is cultivated and processed or not. Radix Paeoniae was selected and eventually cultivated as ornamental plants of Paeonia for enjoyment from the Song to Ming Dynasties, The wild plants of Paeonia with single-petal flower were cultivated for medicinal use because of the esteem by the doctors. The current method of differentiation of Radix Paeoniae was formed in the 20th century.