中度放牧干扰对草地生物多样性影响的思考

Influence of the Intermediate Grazing Disturbance on the Biodiversity of Grassland Ecosystem

综述了不同放牧强度干扰下对草地生态系统的影响。超载放牧干扰下草地严重退化;禁牧、轻度干扰的围栏草地,生物多样性也不高;而中度放牧却促进了草地的生长,草地产量、质量和地上、地下生物多样性均有不同程度的提高。因此,在轻、中度退化草地,应提倡中(适)度放牧干扰,以促进我国退化草地的恢复生长。

In this paper the relationship between intennedlate（or appropriate） grazing disturbance and biodiversity of grassland ecosystem was summarized. The intermediate disturbance increased the complexity of plant comunity, plant diversity and biomass, supporting the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Heavy grazing may results in a low richness and diversity index because of serious influence on plant comunity. Meanwhile, the enclosure of the light grazing disturbance with the community dominated by few species had lower diversity too. It was pointed out that the intermediate disturbance can work as important means of grassland ecological management and increasing biodiversity. So we advocated the intennediate （appropriate） grazing pressure should be utilized in grassland to protect biodiversity and to promote ecological restoration succession of degraded grassland.