对双轴晶体的双折射现象的电磁理论解释

WITH THE AID OF ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY TO EXPLAIN THE DOUBLY REFRACTING PHENOMENON OF BIAXIAL CRYSTAL

自然界的晶体多是双轴的,与单轴晶体一样,一束入射光在双轴晶体中一般也分成两束折射光,其振动面互相垂直,但这两束光都不遵从折射定律,且传播速度都随方向而变,一般不在入射面内,只有在晶体中的两个方向上,无论光的振动面有怎样的取向,它们的传播速度都相同,入射光不再分为两束,此即双轴晶体名称的由来。长期以来,一般书籍很少系统的讨论这一问题。本文应用电磁理论,从特殊情形出发来分析研究双轴晶体的双折射现象,这对于双轴晶体的理论研究具有一定的意义。

In nature the great majority of crystals are that of biaxial ones. One beam incident light can be divided into two beams of doubly refracting light in a crystal, and the vibrating surfaces are perpendicular to each other,but the two beams of light don't obey the refracting law and transmitting velocity of the two beams of light vary from the direction. They doa't lie in a incident surface. Only in the two directions in a crystal, no matter how the directions of vibrating surface of light are,their transmitting Velocity are the same, the incident light is no longer to be split into two beams. This is so called the biaxial crystal. For a long time up to now, it has been less discussed systematically in general books. In this paper we will directly use the electromagnetic theory and according to the special state to analyse and research the biaxial crystal. This conld have certain significance for researching and studying the theory of biaxial crystal.