微生物采油的地质基础及筛选标准

SCREENING STANDARDS AND GEOLOGICAL BASES FOR MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

做生物采油是利用微生物的活动及其代谢物强化采油的技术。主要机理是微生物使重烃降解，降低原油粘度，其代谢物能降低油-水-岩石界面张力，改善油-水流度比，增加驱油效率和波及面积，代谢过程中产生的气体能改变油的流动能力，增加油层岩石的渗透性。微生物在油藏内的活动与油藏的地质环境密切相关，地质化学、石油地质、岩石矿物、水文地质、油藏流体以及微生物同它们问的相互作用等环境条件都影响微生物的生长、繁衍、移动和代谢过程。因此，适用于油藏的微生物菌种筛选必须认真考虑油藏环境条件。介绍了一组微生物采油的筛选标准。

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) utilizes bacteria and their metabolites products to improve the recovery of crude oil from reservoirs. The mechanism of MEOR is to decrease interfacial tension in the oil-water-rock system, improve mobility ratio of the reservoir nuids, increase displacement efficiency and conformance factor, decrease crude oil viscosity by biological degradation, etc. The microbiological activities take place in a geological environment such as a reservoir, the petroleum geological, geochemical, mineralogical, hydrological, reservoir fluids components and the interaction between the geological and biological components of the environment have profound effects on biological growth, activity and metabolite. The screening of microbial yaccines should fully take account of the environmental conditions present in a given reservoir. This paper present a group of screen standards for MEOR in oil fields,