籼型温敏雄性核不育系冷灌繁殖的最适繁殖条件研究

The Research on Optimum Conditions by Irrigating Cold Water to Multiplication Indica TGMS Rice Lines

采用不同灌溉时期、灌水深度、水温和持续灌溉天数等处理,研究了籼型温敏核不育水稻培矮64 S、双低S、株1 S、810 S和香125 S的最适繁殖条件。根据不同处理的成穗率、颖花退化程度、花粉育性和自交结实率等结果,提出温敏核不育水稻冷水灌溉繁殖的几个关键技术:①冷水灌溉深度应根据幼穗敏感部位距泥面的高度而变化,培矮64 S等类型不育系在雌雄蕊形成期开始灌冷水,深度为3 cm,随后逐渐深至20 cm,810 S等不育系在花粉母细胞形成期开始灌冷水,深度为7 cm,后逐渐深至15 cm。②冷水灌溉起止时期。培矮64 S等类型不育系在自然对照始穗前20～22 d,即雌雄蕊形成期开始灌冷水,持续时间为18天左右,群体在处理结束后7天左右始穗,13天以内齐穗;810 S等类型不育系在自然对照始穗前15天左右,即花粉母细胞形成期开始灌冷水,持续时间为15天左右,群体在处理结束后4天左右始穗,8天以内齐穗。③各不育系的最适繁殖温度应根据温度梯度试验确定,培矮64 S和株1 S为20.8℃左右,双低S为19.5℃左右,香125 S和810 S为20.8～22.0℃。温度过低对植株生长和幼穗发育产生伤害,过高则影响花粉可育性的恢复。

The optimum multiplication conditioins of indica TGMS rice lines like Pei＇ai 64 S,ShuangdiS,Zhu 1 S,810 S and Xiang 125 S were studied through irrigating cold water with different periods,depth,temperature and consecutive days. Several key techniques about the multiplication of indica TGMS rice lines were put forward based on the research results of panicle bearing tiller rate, degenegrative spikelet rate, fertility of pollen and bagged seed set rate. The results as follows： first,the depth of irrigating cold water varise with the height between thermo-sensitive part of panicle and ground. TGMS rice lines like Pei＇ai 64 S can be irrigated from the period of stamen and pistil, and the depth of irrigation should be 3 cm, gradually the depth should reach to 20 cm. While TGMS rice lines like 810 s should be irrigated from the period of pollen mother cell, and the depth of irflgateing water is 7cm,gradually the depth should reach to 15cm. Second,the period of cold water irrigation varies with different types of TGMS rice lines. TGMS rice lines like Pei＇ai 64 S can be irrigated with cold water 20 -22 days ahead of stamen and pistil,the treatment will last for about 18 days.7 days later of that the lines begin to head,within 13 days all panicle are fully head. Some types such as 810 s can be irrigated about 15 days before its initial heading data,which is just the period of pollen mother cell,this last for about 15 days,4 days later of the treatment the lines begin to head,within 8 days panicle are fully head. Third,the optimum multiplication temperature on different TGMS rice lines should be according to the experiments of temperature gradient. The temperature on Pei＇ ai 64 S and Zhul S are about 20. 8 ℃, while Shuangdi S is about 19.5 ℃ ,Xiang125 S and 810 S are 20.8 -22.0 ℃. Growth of flees and development of young panicle will be harmed under too low temperature, while too high temperature will affect fertility and restoration of pollen.