基于GIS的重大危险源风险管理辅助决策系统

GIS-BASED ASSISTANT DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM FOR RISK MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATION

建立基于GIS(地理信息系统)的重大危险源风险管理辅助决策软件系统,包括数据管理、风险分析和事故应急救援辅助决策3个子系统。根据相关规范设计了数据结构,通过数据普查建立城市级重大危险源信息数据库;考虑模型计算精度和效率,建立事故后果模拟评价模型库,结合GIS技术实现重大危险源风险评价功能;在GIS平台上展现事故场景和周边环境,完成人员撤离路径选择、应急救援资源的检索和最短路径查找等操作,有力地辅助事故应急救援决策。通过液化天然气罐区泄漏事故的实例演示了系统各项功能。该系统目前已应用于某副省级城市的重大危险源监管工作,系统的实用性得到了实际验证。

This paper describes studies on a geographic information system(GIS)-based assistant decision-making system which was build up by three sub-systems including data management, risk analysis, and assistant decision-making for emergency rescue. The data management could be operated by setting up city-level major hazards installation database by data survey according to the designed data structure under some related principles; The risk analysis could perform high risk evaluation by combining GIS and post-accidents results simulation models database, which was made by considering both calculation accuracy and efficiency; The assistant decision-making could be carried out easily on GIS platform by showing up accident scene and neighbouring environment, selecting an option for evacuating routes, searching for emergency-aid sources, and looking for the shortest route for escape. Meanwhile, this study demonstrated all the functions of this system by an actual LNG leaking accident which happened in a LNG tank area. This system has been already applied in major hazards installation supervising in a sub-provincial city, where this system is proved to be significantly practical and helpful.