试析尼采的个性整体主义

An Analysis of Nietzsche's Individualistic Holism

尼采用既尊超越性个性又重差异化整体的个性整体主义来概括个人和社会的价值关系,它主要有两个方面的内容:一是推崇超越而充实的个性化生存;二是维护蕴育这种个性化生存的等级制整体。这一原则强调人际相关性,高扬创新性个性对于生命完善和社会发展的价值和意义,在一定程度上超越了"原子式的个人主义"对人的存在及其价值实现的机械性抽象思考。其根本局限在于盲目人的实践性,陷入了人性理解上的先验性和价值导向上的表面性、矛盾性及片面性。

The two major aspects of individualistic holism, which stresses both transcendent individuality and differentiated integrity, and through which Nietzsche generalized the value relations between individuals and the society, are composed of 1） extolling the transcendent and replenished individualized survival, and 2） upholding the hierarchical whole where such individualized survival comes from. This principle of Nietzsche＇s attaches importance to the interactions between human beings and favors the value and significance of innovative individuality for the improvement of life and the development of society, transcends, to some degree, the mechanical abstract reflections of ＂atomic individualism＂ about human existence and the materialization of its values. The basic limitations of Nietzsche＇s principle in this line lies in his misunderstanding of human praxis, which leads to the transcendentalism in the interpretation of human nature and the superficiality, paradoxicality, and partiality in the orientation of values.