煤矿老年职工居家不出现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on actuality and affecting factors of housebound in old retired workers in a coal group

目的探讨某煤业集团离退休老年职业人群中居家不出发生的现状及影响因素。方法对某市某煤业集团所属住宅社区进行随机整群抽样,共抽取4个社区,采用自行编制的调查表及国际通用量表,对社区内≥60岁老年职工进行外出状况、自理能力、心理状况、社会活动等内容面对面访谈式调查,并进行单因素及多因素分析。结果该集团老年职业人群居家不出发生率为17.59%。单因素分析发现,年龄、婚姻、经济收入、住房层次、生活需要照顾、视力障碍、听力障碍、脑卒中、糖尿病、日常生活能力、饮酒、锻炼身体、爱好、健康自我评价、孤独、抑郁、有无亲密朋友、参加社会活动、与邻居交往情况、亲属往来等因素影响居家不出的发生。非条件Logistic回归分析表明,日常生活需要照顾、高文化程度、高经济收入、不锻炼身体、不参加社会活动、无亲密朋友、抑郁、日常生活自理能力(FIM)差是居家不出发生的危险因素。结论居家不出在该集团老年职业人群中发生率较高。影响居家不出发生的因素包括躯体、心理和社会各方面。因此,应采取相应措施预防和控制居家不出的发生。

Objective The actuality and affecting factors of housebound old working in a coal group were investigated. Methods Communities of a coal group were chosen randormly in a city. All subjects 60 years old or eider worked in the coal group before retirement were investigated by face to face interview with the international general scale. The data was managed and input to computer. Database was set up with Microsoft Excel. SAS software version 8.2 was used to analyze the data. Resuits The prevalence rate of housebound of the old workers was 17.59 %. It showed that age, marriage status, income, housing area and floor, needing care in living, vision and hearing barrier, stroke, diabetes, ADL, drinking wine, physical exercise, hobby, health self- appraisal, lonliness, depression, with or without intimate friend, social activity, intercourse with neighbor or relatives influenced the happening of housedound. It showed that needing care in living, good education, high income, without physical exercise, without participating in social activity, without intimate friend, depression, ADL impairment were associated independently with housebound status by non - conditional Logistic regression model. Conclusion The prevalence rate of housebotmd of the old workers in the coal group is higher. Housebound is associated with physical, psychological and social factors. Corresponding measurements should be taken according to the factors affecting housebound.