流域开发与土地管理模式——兼谈伊犁河流域土地开发与产业定位

River basin development and land management patterns-simultaneously on land development and industry positioning in the Ili River Basin

通过对美国西部市场经济条件下的土地开发过程、前苏联计划经济条件下的土地开发模式、新中国成立初期计划经济体制下新疆生产建设兵团规模化的土地垦荒以及"十五"期间市场经济体制下的克拉玛依现代化综合农业开发模式的对比和利弊分析,总结了在过去一个世纪人类规模化土地开发的成功经验与教训,并结合对伊犁河流域资源环境特点的分析,就伊犁河流域水土资源开发相关的政策导向、管理体制、产业定位和发展方向等问题提出了见解。

n this paper, according to comparisons and analyses of the pros and cons to the land development process under the conditions of the market economy in the Western of United States, the land development patterns under the conditions of planned economy in the former Soviet Union, the large-scale land exploitation conducted by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps during the early stage of People＇ s Republic of China under the planned economic regime, and the modern integrated agricultural development model in Karamay, Xinjiang during the Tenth Five-year Plan under the market economic regime, the paper summed up the successful experiences and lessons of the largescale land development in the past century. In conformity with the natural resources and the environment features in the Ili River Basin, the paper puts forward the opinions on the related policy guidance, management system, industry positioning and orientation, ete for the water and land resources development.