家庭社会经济状况对婴幼儿认知发育的影响

Study on the effects of socioeconomic status on development quotient of the Cognitive Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale in infants and young children

目的：研究反映家庭社会经济状况的主要因素家庭年人均可支配收入和双亲文化程度对婴幼儿的认知应物测验/临床语言和听力进程量表（Cognitive Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale,CAT/CLAMS）发育商（DQ）的影响。方法：采用CAT/CLAMS对上海市4-36个月常模婴幼儿进行测试,计算各婴幼儿CAT/CLAMS语言能DQ、应物能DQ及认知能DQ。同时调查家庭年人均可支配收入和双亲文化程度。采用非参数统计的方法比较组间差异。结果：家庭年人均可支配收入对婴幼儿CAT/CLAMS的3种DQ均有极显著影响（P〈0.01）;母亲文化程度对婴幼儿CAT/CLAMS的应物能和认知能这两种DQ有显著的影响（P〈0.05）;父亲文化程度对婴幼儿CAT/CLAMS的3种DQ均无明显影响。结论：社会经济状况对婴幼儿的发育具有明显的促进作用;对婴幼儿尤其是对低收入、母亲低学历家庭的婴幼儿进行发育监测十分必要。

Objective： Socioeconomic status may have influence on cognitive development of infants and young children. Parental education levels and familyg annual average dispensable income per capita were choosen to represent the social economic status of the family. The impacts of the three factors on Development Quotient （DQ） of Cognitive Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale （CAT/CLASM） were studied. Methods： The normative children aged 4 - 36 months in Shanghai were administered CAT/CLAMS. Meanwhile, the surveys on parental education level and a familyg annual average dispensable income per capita were carried out. Nonparametria test for independent samples was used to analyze the difference among different levels of the factors. Results ： Family＇s annual average dispen- sable income per capita had a considerable effect on the childg Language DQ, Adaptive DQ and Mental DQ （ P 〈 0. 01 ） . The maternal education level had significant effect on her childg Adaptive DQ and Mental DQ （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The paternal education level had no significant effect on his childg Language DQ, Adaptive DQ, and Mental DQ. Conclusion ： The main factors representing socioeconomic status of a family plays a very important role in the children＇s development. It is very necessary for the development surveillance for the infants and young children who are in the low socioeconomic status, low education level of mother.