非营养性吸吮对早产儿营养及生长发育的影响

Effects of intermittent nasogastric feeding with nonnutritive sucking on nutrient and growth development in premature infants

目的:探讨非营养性吸吮(NNS)对早产儿营养、生长发育及喂养相关并发症的影响。方法:将60例需经鼻胃管喂养(INGF)的健康早产适于胎龄儿,根据是否辅以非营养性吸吮随机分成单纯鼻胃管喂养组和非营养性吸吮组,均用瑞士雀巢公司提供的雀巢早产儿配方奶,记录喂养2周生长发育指标(体重、身长、头围)的变化及恢复出生体重的时间、达自行吮母乳时间、喂养相关并发症。结果:非营养性吸吮组恢复出生体重时间(8.8±1.8)天,较单纯鼻胃管喂养组(10.1±1.3)天,显著缩短(P<0.01);达自行吮母乳时间(8.1±0.9)天,较单纯鼻胃管喂养组(9.5±1.3)天,显著缩短(P<0.01);喂养2周后两组的体重、身长差异有显著性(P<0.05),头围差异无显著性(P>0.05);非营养性吸吮组胃残留、呕吐、腹胀并发症的发生率较单纯鼻胃管喂养组的发生率显著减少(P<0.05)。结论:早产儿早期非营养性吸吮可促进胃肠道的发育和功能成熟、降低喂养不耐受的发生率、促进体质量增长、有利于改善早产儿营养状况,加快早产儿生长发育。

Objective： To explore the effects of nonnutritive sucking （NNS） on the nutrient intake , physical growth , feeding- related complications and the growth development in premature infants. Methods： 60 cases healthy appropriate for gestational age premature infants accepting intermittent nasogastric feeding （INGF） were randomized into NNS group and N -NNS group according to INGF with and without NNS and fed with the nesd6 special formula for low birthweight infants by the Switzerland nesd6 company offer . The following data were collected and recorded, the physical growth parameters （e. g, body weight, length and head circumference） and the birth -weight regaining time, the reach voluntary suck breast feeding time , the relevant complications. Results： The birth -weight regaining time in NNS group was significantly shorter than that in N - NNS group [ （ 8. 8 ± 1.8 ） d vs （ 10. 1 ± 1.3 ） d, P 〈 0. 01） ; the reach voluntary suck breast feeding time in NNS group was significandy shorter than that in N - NNS group [ （ 8.1± 0. 9 ） d vs （9.5 ± 1.3 ） d, P 〈 0. 01 ] ; After feeding two weeks, there was significant difference in the increase of body weight, length between the two groups （P 〈0.05） , and in the head circumference there was no significant difference between the two groups （P 〉 0. 05 ） ; The morbidity of such complications as gas- tric residue, vomiting and abdominal distension in NNS group was significantly lower than that in N - NNS group （P 〈 0.05 ） . Conclusion： The NNS by early in premature infants is able to promote the intestinal development and maturity of premature infants and lower the feeding un - endurance occurrence rate so that it promote the constitutional growth. On the other hand , it is beneficial to improve nutrition condition and remarke growth development in premature infant.