抑制茄子黄萎菌的植物提取物的筛选

Screening of plant extracts against eggplant Verticillium dahliae

从蔬菜、花卉、树木、作物和杂草等植物中选取29科73种植物材料,通过室内生物测定和田间试验,筛选出的葡萄叶、大葱叶提取物对黄萎菌具有较强的抑制作用,菌丝生长抑制率达68.44%和61.31%,孢子萌发抑制率达到95%以上,田间防病效果与茄子"病菌净"药剂达到同一显著水平,防效分别达到了75.76%和71.72%。丁香枝叶、薄荷叶、辣椒叶、番茄叶、醉蝶根、南瓜叶、韭菜叶、核桃叶、银杏叶、大蓟叶、藿香叶、苣卖菜叶、万寿菊叶、柳枝叶、花椒果和橘皮等也具有较好的抑菌活性,可作为其它病原菌的天然抗菌剂筛选研究试材。

Plant extracts from 73 species of 29 families of vegetables, flowers, trees, field crops and weeds were selected to test their fungitoxicity against eggplant Verticillium dahliae. Indoor bioassay and field experiment indicated that leaf extracts of Vitis amurensis and Allium fistulosum had stronger inhibitory effects on V. dahliae, with the inhibitory rate on its mycelium growth being 68.44% and 61.31% , respectively. The preventive effect of the two extracts （with the control effect of 75.76% and 71.72%, respectively） was equivalent to that of commercial pesticides. Branch and leaf extracts of Eugenia caryophyllata and Salix babylonica, leaf extracts of Mentha canadensis, Capsicum frutescens, Lycopersicom escutentum, Cucurbita moschata, Allium tuberosum, Juglans regia, Ginkgo biloba, Cirsium japonicum, Pogpstemon patchouli, Sonchus brachyotus and Tagetes erecta, root extract of Cleome spinosa, fruit extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and pericarp extract of Citrus reticulata were also good in fungitoxicity, which could be regarded as optimal plant materials in screening botanical fungicides against other pathogens.