生态足迹改进方法及其在区域可持续发展研究中的应用

A modified ecological footprint approach and its application in regional sustainable development study

生态足迹法是一种度量可持续发展程度的有效方法。本文选用传统生态足迹法及其改进方法——"实际土地需求法",结合遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术对岷江上游地区1982—2000年的可持续发展状况进行了时间动态分析。结果表明:研究区的人均消费生态足迹在研究时间段内呈缓慢上升趋势;实际土地需求法计算结果小于生态足迹法。1982—1998年,研究区每年向外输出大量木材,木材足迹与消费足迹计算结果相似。虽然生态承载力大于实际土地需求,但其呈明显下降趋势,表明研究区的资源利用方式并不合理,生态环境一直朝着不可持续的方向发展。1998年开始实施的"天然林保护工程"的生态作用对研究区生态承载力的作用尚未显现,应进行进一步的跟踪研究。

Ecological footprint approach is an effective means for quantitatively measuring sustainable development degree. By using the conventional ecological footprint approach and its modification, actual land demand approach＇, and combining with remote sensing （RS） and geographic information system （GIS） techniques, this paper analyzed the dynamics of sustainable development status in the upper reach of Mingjiang River from 1982 to 2000. In the study period, the ecological footprint of this region had a slowl~ increasing trend, and the calculation result of conventional ecological footprint approach was greater than that of actual land demand ap- proach. Before 1998, the study area exported large amount of wood, and the calculated wood footprint was similar to the calculated consumption footprint. Though the ecological carrying capacity was greater than the actual land demand, it still presented an evidently decreasing trend, suggesting that the utilization mode of natural resources was unreasonable, and the eco-environment was becoming more and more unsustainable. Since 1998, the policy of ＇ natural forest conservation＇ was come into effect, but its ecological effect was not evident yet, and further study should be done