蚯蚓生态毒理试验现状与发展趋势

Present status and development trend of earthworm eco-toxicological test

蚯蚓是土壤污染状况的重要指示生物之一。近年来,蚯蚓生态毒理试验广泛应用于污染土壤的质量评价,其试验方法及评价指标日趋完善。本文从个体、种群、群落和"模式"生态系统4个水平上,综述了蚯蚓毒理试验方法及评价指标的国内外研究现状及进展。重点介绍了急性试验、慢性试验、污染物复合试验、蚯蚓种间及与其它物种的比较试验,并从形态变化、生理观测和病理观察方面概括了试验评价指标。探讨了不同水平上各毒性试验的优缺点,并指出了结合多种试验进行土壤质量生态评价的实际意义。

Earthworm is one of the important bio-indicators of soil health. In recent years, earthworm eco-toxicological test is widely used in soil quality evaluation, and relevant methods and evaluation indices are developed. This paper reviewed the current status of earthworm eco-toxico- logical test at individual, population, community, and ＇model＇ ecosystem levels, and introduced the test methods with the focus on acute toxicity test, chronic toxicity test, joint toxicity test and inter-species comparison test, and the evaluation indices based on morphological, physiological, and pathological observations. The advantages and disadvantages of all the test methods were discussed, and the practical significance of combining various tests in evaluating soil health was put forward.