电磁脉冲辐照后小鼠红细胞形态和电泳率的改变

Changes in erythrocyte morphology and electrophoresis rate in mice after electromagnetic pulse irradiation

目的研究不同场强的电磁脉冲(EMP)对红细胞形态和电泳率的改变,以探讨其量效关系。方法BALB/c雄性小鼠50只,随机分为5组即50、100、200、400kV/m组和对照组,每组10只。用EMP辐照小鼠,EMP参数为场强0～400kV/m,前沿3ns,脉冲次数200个,脉冲间隔4s。照后小鼠尾部取全血,采用扫描电镜观察受照小鼠红细胞膜表面的形态改变;用显微细胞电泳法,观察红细胞电泳率和胞膜带电性的变化,研究其场强与效应的关系。结果200kV/m辐照后扫描电镜观察红细胞胞膜上出现多个棘突小泡;各组红细胞膜带电特性均为负电,随着EMP场强(0～400kV/m)的增加,受照小鼠的红细胞电泳率逐渐降低,以照后2h时最为显著,200kV/m、400kV/m组电泳率降低最为显著(P<0·01),0kV/m组电泳率为0·917±0·040μm·s-1/V·cm-1,这两组电泳率分别降低至(0·600±0·076)μm·s-1/V·cm-1和(0·484±0·064)μm·s-1/V·cm-1。随着照后时间的延长,辐照组细胞电泳率逐渐恢复,照后2天已恢复至正常水平。结论EMP可引起受照小鼠红细胞膜棘突改变和电泳率降低,EMP场强与红细胞电泳率之间存在一定的量效关系。

Objective To examine the changes in erythrocyte electrophoresis rate in mice induced by the different field strength of electromagnetic pulse （EMP）. Methods Fifty BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into five groups： 50, 100, 200, 400 and 0kV/m groups, the last one served as control, with ten mice for each group. BALB/c mice with untrammeled posture were exposed to EMP with the parameters as following： field strength 0-400kV/m, rising edge 3ns, pulses. 200 times, pulse interval 4s. 8μlof whole blood were obtained from the tail vein after EMP exposure; The changes in erythrocyte morphology was examined by using of scanning electron microscope（SEM）, and the erythrocyte electrophoresis rate and the changes in membrane potential were observed by using micro cell electrophoresis. The bioeffects of field strength was then analyzed. Results Several spinous vesicular processes were observed on the surface of erythrocytes by scanning electron microscope after 200kV/m EMP irradiation. There were negative charges on the surface of erythrocytie membrane in every group. With the enhanced EMP field strength （0-400kV/m）, electrophoresis rate of erythrocyte declined gradually. The most intense declination appeared at 2h after irradiation with 200 and 400kV/m EMP irradiation （P〈20. 01）. The electrophoresis rate in 0kV/m group was 0. 917±0. 040μm·s^-1/V·m^-1 , while decreased to 0. 600±0. 076μm·s^-1/V·m^-1 and 0. 484±0. 064μm·s^-1/V·m^-1 in both 200kV/m group and 400kV/m group. With the elapse of time after irradiation, electrophoresis rate recovered gradually, and it became normal 2d after irradiation. Conclusion EMP could cause the appearance of spinosus processes on erythrocyte membrane, and may cause the declination of erythrocyte electrophoresis rate. There might be a dose-effect relationship between the erythrocyte electrophoresis rate and the field strength of EMP.