1Travis WD,Brambilla E,Müller-Hermelink HK,et al.World Health Organization classification of tumors.Pathology and genetics of tumors of the lung,pleura,thymus and heart[M].Lyon:IARC Press,2004:188-95.
2Fukai I,Masaoka A,Fujii Y,et al.Thymic neuroendocrine tumor (thymic carcinoid):a clinicopathologic study in 15 patients[J].Ann Thorac Surg,1999,67:208-11.
3Soga J,Yakuwa Y,Osaka M.Evaluation of 342 cases of mediastinal /thymic carcinoids collected from literature:a comparative study between typical carcinoids and atypical varieties[J].Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,1999,5:285-92.
4Goto K,Kodama T,Matsuno Y,et al.Clinicopathologic and DNA cytometric analysis of carcinoid tumors of the thymus[J].Mod Pathol,2001,14:985-94.
5Teh BT,McArdle J,Chan SP,et al.Clinicopathologic studies of thymic carcinoids in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1[J].Medicine (Baltimore),1997,76:21-9.
6Moran CA,Suster S.Neuroendocrine carcinomas (carcinoid tumor) of the thymus.A clinicopathologic analysis of 80 cases[J].Am J Chin Pathol,2000,114:100-10.
7Klemm KM,Moran CA,Suster S.Pigmented thymic carcinoids:a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of two cases[J].Mod Pathol,1999,12:946-8.
8Moran CA,Suster S.Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (thymic carcinoid)of the thymus with prominent oncocytic features:a clinicopathologic study of 22 cases[J].Mod Pathol,2000,13:489-94.
9Ohchi T,Tanaka H,Shibuya Y,et al.Thymic carcinoid with mucinous stroma:a case report[J].Respir Med,1998,92:880-2.
10Paties C,Zangrandi A,Vassallo G,et al.Multidirectional carcinoma of the thymus with neuroendocrine and sarcomatoid components and carcinoid syndrome[J].Pathol Res Pract,1991,187:170-7.
7Isidori AM, Lenzi A. Ectopic ACTH syndrome[ J]. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol, 2007,51 (8) : 1217-1225.
8Delisle L, Boyer M J, Warr D, et al. Ectopic corticotropin syndrome and small-cell carcinoma of the lung. clinical features, outcome, and compli- cations [ J ]. Arch Intern Med, 1993,153 (6) :746-752.
9Ilias I, Torpy DJ, Pacak K, et al. Cushing' s syndrome due to ectopic corticotropin secretion: twenty years' experience at the National Institutes of Health [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2005, 90(8) : 4955-4962.
10Kahsas GA, Giannulis MG, Newell-Price JD, et al. A critical analysis of the value of simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling in Cushing： di- sease and the occult ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome[J]. J Clin En- docrinol Metah ,1999,84(2) :487-492.
