恢复性司法的理念及其运作

The concept and the operation of restorative justice

恢复性司法是在社区的主持和调解下,通过犯罪人与被害人的协商,恢复被犯罪侵害的关系。恢复性司法以犯罪人和被害人自愿接受协商为基础,社区仅充当调解人的角色,但社区没有强制力。现代司法以强制力为后盾,通过权威维护司法。因此,恢复性司法不是传统意义的司法,而是一种理念。恢复性司法的基本理念是:犯罪是个人对个人的侵害,因而对现代刑事司法会产生多方面的影响。主意表现为:扩展了被害人的范围,弱化了刑事案件处理主体的独占性;强化被害人的地位,弱化国家的司法权力;强化社区的作用,弱化司法机关的强制作用;强调犯罪人的认罪态度,弱化犯罪人的程序保护功能;强调恢复犯罪的损害,弱化了刑罚的惩罚性。在关注恢复性司法有利于缓和因犯罪产生的社会矛盾的同时,不能忽视用恢复性司法解决犯罪问题可能对现代司法权威产生的抑制作用。

Restorative justice is to restore the relationship of crime under the auspices and intermediation of the community through the negotiation between the perpetrators and the victims. Restorative justice is based on the voluntary negotiation of victims and perpetrators. Community simply plays a role as a mediator without coercive power. Modem justice took force as supporter and vindicated justice by authority. Therefore, restorative justice is not in the traditional sense of justice, but a philosophy. The basic philosophy of restorative justice is： Crime is a personal invasion against the individual, thus it will have a number of effects on the modem criminal justice. The performances are the expansion of the scope of the victim and the weakening of the criminal cases handled by the main exclusivity; strengthen the position of the victim and weaken the judicial power; strengthen the role of communities and weaken the role of the judiciary mandatory; stress the crime pleaded guilty attitude and weaken the criminal procedural protection function; emphasize restorative criminal damage and weaken the punishment of the penalty. While concerned about restorative justice conducive to the relaxation of the social contradictions, the inhibition can not be ignored in the use of restorative justice to address the crime problem in modern judicial authority.