小学生心理健康与家庭环境相关性分析

Correlative Analysis of Elementary School Students' Mental Health Problems and the Family Environment

目的了解小学生心理健康状况及其家庭环境影响因素,探讨小学生心理健康问题的干预对策。方法采用小学生心理健康诊断测验(MHT)和家庭环境量表(FES)对柳州市4所小学三、四年级1781名小学生的心理健康状况及其家庭环境进行调查,用SPSS软件包统计分析。结果小学生心理健康问题总分检出率为4.49%;除恐怖倾向外,其它各因子分男生高于女生,两组得分有显著性差异(P<0.05);非独生子女的学习焦虑、孤独倾向、自责倾向3因子得分高于独生子女,有显著性差异(P<0.05);三年级对人焦虑、孤独倾向、恐怖倾向3因子分高于四年级,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。四年级自责倾向、冲动倾向2因子分高于三年级,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。多元回归分析发现家庭环境中的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、组织性对小学生心理健康有积极影响;家庭环境中的矛盾性、独立性、成功性、道德宗教、控制性对小学生心理健康有消极影响。结论家庭环境对小学生心理健康水平有重要影响,必须重视家庭环境各因素的作用。

Objective To study mental health of the elementary school students and the factors of family environment which affect the problems, and discuss the intervening countermeasures for mental health of elementary school students. Methods To use mental health tests （MHT） for schoolchildren and family environment statistics （FES） to investigate the mental health and family environment of 1781 schoolchildren of grade three and grade four of four primary schools in Liuzhou city, and SPSS software packages for statistics. Results 4.49% of the students suffer from mental health problems; Apart from fear trend, boy students are notably higher than girl students in all the other elements （P〈0.05）. Learning anxiety, lonely and self-disapproving trends of the students who live in more-than-one-child families are notably higher than those who live in one-child families （P〈0. 05）. Person anxiety, lonely and fear trends of the 3rd grade students are notably higher than those of the 4th grade ones （P〈0. 05）. Fear and impulsive trends of the 4th grade students are notably higher than those of the 3rd grade ones （P〈0. 05）. the plurality of regression analysis shows that the degree of intimacy, expression of emotions, knowledge, entertainment, and organization of family environment have positive influence on schoolchildren＇s mental health while the conflicts, independence, success, morality and religious belief and control of family environment have passive effects on it. Conclusion Family environment has great influence on school children＇s mental health, so it is necessary to pay much attention to the factors of family environment.