北京市农村地区1～3岁儿童气质特点的研究

Temperamental Characteristics on the Country Children in Beijing City

目的探讨北京市农村地区儿童的气质特点及其影响因素,以指导家长因材施教,减少异常行为的发生。方法在北京市大兴区随机选取身体健康、DDST发育筛查正常的1～3岁农村儿童,采用Carey的TTS,BSQ进行儿童气质的研究,家庭问卷了解环境因素。结果气质各维度在1～3岁儿童不同年龄、不同性别间没有显著差异;与市区儿童相比,1～3岁农村儿童活动量大、反应强度低、坚持时间短、注意易于分散、反应阈高,3岁组反应强度低、坚持时间短。出生体重和养育人文化影响1～3岁儿童的气质特点。结论1～3岁儿童气质在农村和城市存在差异。

Objective To study temperamental characteristics and influence factors on the country children in Beijing city, in order to provide information for teaching in accordance with aptitude and reducing children behavior problem. Methods Two children temperament questionnaires （TTS, BSQ） developed by Carey were administered to 1-3 year-old children sampled in the country of Beijing, and the family questionnaire was used to test the circumstance factors. Results No gender and sex difference was found in any temperament trait of 1-3 year-old. Children in the country were more active, less intense, less persistent, less distractible and higher threshold of response than the city in 1-3 year old. Children in the country were less intense and persistent than the city in 3-4 year old. The influence factor include： birth weight, parents and foster＇s education. Conclusion There are significant different in the distribution of temperament type between city and country in 1-4 year-old children.