北京周围建设用地空间分布格局及解释

Spatial Patterns of Built-up Areas around Beijing

城市对其周围土地利用格局的影响历来是地理学研究的重点领域,大城市周围建设用地比例高,分析和解释大城市周围的建设用地格局可进一步拓展我们对此领域的认识。本文以2005年北京中心区周围50km范围内的建设用地数字化图件为基础,由内而外,建立5个宽度为10km的缓冲带,分析了北京2005年建设用地空间格局的变化,并从自然、历史和经济学的角度对此格局作出诠释。主要结论如下:北京市周围建设用地格局呈现出四条非常清晰的放射带,这几条放射带和2200多年前的秦朝驰道吻合;北京市周围建设用地图斑的空间分布的连续性并没有受到行政区域划分的影响;缓冲带30-40km可能是北京城市中心区在平面上的影响界线;在缓冲带10-20km和缓冲带30-40km内,城市用地比例呈现出两个峰值。

The urban effect on land use pattern is always one of the key fields of geographical science. The ratio of built-up areas is very high around a large city, so it is important to analyze and explain the patterns of built-up areas around the city, which may be helpful for understanding the effect. Through building five buffers from inner to outer parts around Beijing, this paper discusses the pattern of built-up areas of Beijing, and explains the pattern from the natural, historical, and economic aspects. The main conclusions include： 1） there are four belts with higher density of built-up area, which is in accord with “horse road” of the Qin Dynasty in BC 200; 2） the continuity of spatial distribution of built-up areas is not interrupted by the division of administration; 3） buffer between 30 and 40 km may be the borderline of urban effect on the plane surface, although the effect can touch some farther regions through transportation lines; and 4） there are two peaks of urban land shares in the buffers between 10 and 20 km, and between 30 and 40 km.