城市道路网络的小世界特征研究

Research on Small World Characteristic of Urban Road Network

小世界模型为研究城市道路网络的拓扑结构和内在特征等提供了新的视角和方法。该文采用原始法(primalapproach)对城市道路网络进行适度抽象,利用ArcGIS 9.0和Matlab 7.0分别处理和计算城市道路网络的空间数据和属性数据,进而探索其小世界特征。以无锡市新区为例,研究该区整体城市道路网络的小世界特征,选取特征各异的局部网络,并对其小世界特征进行比较分析。结果表明,无锡市新区城市道路网络具有较小的特征路径长度和较大的聚类系数,为典型的小世界网络;局部道路网络均具有小世界特征,其显著程度与道路网络的空间结构特征具有一定相关性;疏密适宜的道路网络具有突出的小世界特征,是规划布局的可行方向,可为城市道路网络优化提供指导。

Small world model provides a new aspect and method for exploring the topological structure and intrinsic characters of urban road network. This paper has moderately abstracted the urban road network through primal approach. Having processed spatial data and computed attribute data based on ArcGIS 9. 0 and Matlab 7. 0, the paper studies the small world characteristic of urban road network. By taking new district in Wuxi City as study case, the paper has also analyzed its urban road network characteristic. Results show that the urban road network in the example adduced here has small characteristic path length and large clustering coefficient, which is the typical small world characteristic, and the deeper study on the local networks shows that small world characteristic of networks is relevant to spatial structure characteristic, such as crowed degree and distributed struc- ture~ Combining the state of local case, conclusions have been drawn out that the urban road network should be constructed as a small world network with proper structure. The study plays an important role in the suggestion for rational development and optimization model of urban road network in rapid urbanization.