民族自治地方刑事立法权的新解说

The New Explanation on the Criminal Legislative Power of National Autonomous Areas

根据《宪法》第一百一十五条、第一百一十六条和《民族区域自治法》第十九条,民族自治地方的人民代表大会享有自治权,可以制定自治条例和单行条例,此称为自治立法权。根据《刑法》第九十条,民族自治地方的省、自治区的人民代表大会享有对刑法的变通或者补充权,此称为变通权。根据《立法法》第八条,犯罪和刑罚的事项,只能制定法律,此称为法律保留原则。上述规定有两个问题需要厘清:一是自治立法权和变通权之间的关系,二是变通权是否违背《立法法》的法律保留原则。二者既有相同点,又有不同之处:自治立法权的法源根据是宪法,而变通权的法源根据首先在于法律(还可能包括行政法规),其次在于宪法。在法律的层次内,二者可以是统一的,在行政法规的层次内,二者是分离的。变通权的规定并不违反法律保留原则,原因是根据宪法规定,自治立法权中包含了变通权,此种变通权在法律的授权内具有独立的意义。

According to article 115, 116 of Constitution and article 19 of Regional National Autonomy Action, the People＇s Congress of the national autonomous areas has the right of autonomy and can enact autonomy statutes and specific statutes, so called autonomous legislative power. By the article 90 of Criminal Law, the people＇s congress of the national autonomous province and region has the adaptive or supplementary right to the criminal law, so called Adaptive or Supplementary Right. By article 8 of Legislation Law, the criminal and punitive issues could only be prescribed by law, so called the legal preservation principle. There＇re two problems to explain： one is the relationship between autonomous legislative power and adaptive or supplementary right; the other is whether the adaptive or supplementary right violates the legal preservation principle of Legislation Law. These two questions are different but connected. Autonomous legislative power is granted by Constitution, and the adaptive or supplementary right is first prescribed in the law （maybe the administrative rules） and then in Constitution. In law level, both can be unified; but in administrative laws and regulations level, both are separate. The adaptive or supplementary right does not violate the legal preservation principle, because according to the Constitution, the autonomous legislative right includes adaptive or supplementary right which is an independent power under the authorization of the law.