2006年贵州省六盘水市48例狂犬病疫情流行因素分析

Analysis of epidemic factors of 48 rabies cases in Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province in 2006

目的分析2006年六盘水市1～8月48例狂犬病患者的流行因素并提出预防控制策略。方法对48例狂犬病患者进行个案调查。结果六盘水市1～8月发生48例狂犬病,发病率为1.60/10万。咬人动物中家犬41只(85.42%),流浪犬3只(6.25%),家猫3只(6.25%)、牛1头(2.08%)。48例中43例(89.58%)未做任何处理,3例及时接种狂犬病疫苗无1例注射抗狂犬病血清、人抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白和进行伤口局部浸润注射。结论饲养量大、管理措施滞后,群众防治知识匮乏,暴露后伤口无处理和处理不当,疫苗接种率低及管理混乱是造成这次流行的主要因素并提出以"管、免、灭"为重点的综合防治措施加以预防和控制。

Objective This study was designed to analyze the epidemic factors of 48 rabies cases in Liupanshui City from January to August, 2006 and to develop the strategies for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods Case investigation was conducted for the 48 rabies patients. Results 48 rabies cases presented in Liupanshui City from January to August with the incidence of 1.60/lakh. The patients were bitten by animals involving 41 domestic dogs （85.42%）, 3 stray dogs （6.25%）, 3 domestic cats （6.25%） and 1 cattle （2.08%）. 43 cases of the 48 patients didn＇t had any treatment and none of them had anti-rabies serum or human anti-rabies immunoglobulin injected, or treated the wound with local infiltrated injection, only 3 of them immunized with rabies vaccine in time. Conclusion The large amount of house kept animals without proper management, poor public knowledge of prevention and treatment after exposure, low vaccination rate and disorder of management were responsible for this rabies epidemic and the further prevention and control strategies should aim at the combination of powerful management, high vaccination rate and zero source of infection.