摘要
目的分析浙江省湖州市狂犬病疫情流行特征和流行因素,探讨防制对策,遏制全市狂犬病疫情回升趋势。方法流行病学个案调查,历史疫情资料分析。结果1986-2006年湖州市共发生狂犬病病例98例,分布于长兴、安吉两县和湖州市区;长兴县发病49例,占总病例数的50%,居全市首位。病例以农村儿童和青壮年为主,男性明显多于女性,全年均有发病,以夏秋季相对较多。疫情自20世纪90年代初开始呈下降趋势,1999-2002年无病例发生,疫情得到有效控制,但2003年开始疫情出现回升趋势。结论犬类数量不断增加致使暴露机率上升,群众防病知识缺乏、防病意识不强,未能及时规范处理暴露伤口和接种狂犬病疫苗及人用狂犬病免疫球蛋白,以及狂犬病自然疫源地的存在是导致湖州市人间狂犬病疫情回升的主要原因,需采取针对性措施,遏制疫情回升趋势。
Objective The present study was conducted to gain an insight into the epidemiological characteristics of rabies and its predisposing factors in Huzhou for the development of better preventive and controlling strategies, contributing to the containment of rabies picking-up in the city. Methods Data on the epidemic situation and individual cases of rabies in Huzhou from 1986 to 2006 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 98 cases of rabies, distributed in Changxing county, Anji county and the urban area of Huzhou City, were identified from 1986 to 2006. 50% of all the cases (49) were from Changxing County, the incidence being the highest of all the city. Rural children and young adults were more frequently affected with the incidence higher among males than among females. The epidemic could be seen all around the year, the incidence relatively higher in summer and autumn. It had been decreasing since early 1990s, and there was no Rabies case during 1999 to 2002. The epidemic took on a decreasing trend from early 1990s and no case of rabies occurred from 1999 to 2002. However, the epidemic picked up rapidly after 2003. Conclusion The major factors involved in the picking-up of the epidemic includes the increasing exposure to the infection because of the increase in the number of raised dogs, lack of knowledge and sense of disease prevention, failure to treat the wounds timely by proper procedures and to have been vaccinated with rabies vaccine and human rabies immune globulin, and existence of natural rabies foci. Measures specific for the causes should be taken to keep the epidemic under control.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2007年第7期473-475,共3页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
狂犬病
疫情
流行特征
防制对策
rabies
epidemic situation
epidemiological characteristics
preventive and controlling strategies