不同作用机制杀虫剂对印鼠客蚤药效的试验研究

Effect of different acting mechanism insecticides against Xenopsylla cheopis

目的筛选出对印鼠客蚤击倒快、致死率高且防治成本低的药剂,为及时扑灭相关疫情作技术储备。方法选择4类作用机制不同的8种原药采用喷雾法进行试验;选择5种市场上出售的杀虫剂采用强迫接触法,于施药当天、7、14 d进行试验观察击倒及致死情况并计算出相应的KT50及死亡率。依据其试验结果及市场价格计算出效价比。结果喷雾试验,施药剂量在1.4 mg/m3时,KT50在3~4 m in、死亡率在97%以上的药剂为高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯,其余优劣依次为残杀威〉毒死蜱〉胺菊酯〉甲基吡磷〉锐劲特;强迫接触试验按其致死率及残效期试验结果,其药效优劣依次为：普乐〉优士〉都灭〉拜力坦〉甲基吡磷,其中普乐施药剂量在30 mg ai/m2时,14 d对印鼠客蚤致死率仍达100%。效价比经计算,防治成本由低到高的依次为：都灭〈优士〈普乐〈拜力坦〈甲基吡磷。结论经药效测定结果表明,拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂药效明显优于氨基甲酸酯及有机磷类杀虫剂,且防治成本较低。

Objective To make the technique stores for controlling flea-borne diseases, the trials were carried out to look for insecticides which knocked down quickly, high lethal rate and low cost against XenopsyUa cheopis. Methods The spraying test was carried out against Xenopsylla cheopis with 8 kinds of original insecticides from 4 types insecticides. The residual effect of 5 kind insecticides from market were observed against XenopsyUa cheopis by contact method to observe at the first day,7th day, 14th day. Observing their knocking down and lethal number and calculated KT50 and lethal rate. According to the results and market price, the ratio of effect and price were computed. Results When dosage at 1.4 mg/m^3 , KT50 from 3 to 4 min,the lethal rate was above 97%, it was efficiently that lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, other insecticide efficacy were not good; the efficacy stand or fall of other insecticides was propoxur 〉 chlorpyrifos 〉 tetramethrin 〉 azamethiphos 〉 fipronil in turn by spraying method. The good and bad residual effect was prolex 〉 youshi 〉 dominex 〉 blattanes 〉 azamethiphos in turn by forcing to contact method. When dosage at 30 mg ai/m^2 , Prolex had still good residual effect that death rate arrived 100% after the 14th day. The ratio of effect and price was calculated by applying dosage and market price. Controlling cost from low to high were dominex 〈 youshi 〈 prolex 〈 blattanex 〈 azamethiphos. Conclusion The result indicated that the efficacy of pyrethrum insecticide was obvious better than carbamic este insecticides, organic phosphorus insecticides and controlling costs was lower.