施穆勒纲领与演化经济学的起源

"Schmollerprogramm" and the Origin of Modern Evolutionary Economics

运用"历史-伦理"方法,揭示制度之间复杂的相互关系及其演化,把理论、历史与政策融于一体的研究框架是熊彼特曾称之为"施穆勒纲领"的主要内容。施穆勒纲领经过新新历史学派经济学家桑巴特、韦伯、斯皮索夫等人发展后,对熊彼特产生了决定性的影响,同时,它也对美国老制度学派的诞生产生了直接的影响,作为演化经济学最重要的两个流派,新熊彼特学派和美国老制度学派在德国历史学派中有其起源。施穆勒纲领虽然是一种朴素的和直觉上契合了现代宇宙观的原始形态的演化经济学研究纲领,但它却强调了现代演化经济学发展中所忽视的伦理要素和欠发达经济等问题,特别是在当代社会,如何减少社会经济发展过程中的社会排斥已经成为演化经济学的研究前沿。因此,重新认识作为演化经济学先驱思想的以施穆勒为代表的德国历史学派具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Revealing the complex inter- relationships among institutions and their evolution through the ＇historical- ethical＇ approach, and integrating theory, history and policies into one research framework were the main context of the Schmollerprogramm which was identified by Joseph Schumpeter. Schmollerprogramm influenced Schumpeter crucially after it was modified by the Newest Historical School economists Wemer Sombart, Max Weber and Arthur Spiethoff. Furthermore, it also influenced the birth of the American Old Institutionalism directly at the same time. So, as the most important streams of evolutionary economics, Neo - Schumpeterian and American Old Institutionalism root in the German Historical School. Schmollerpmgramm is a prime evolutionary economic research program which matches modem cosmology in tuition, however, it emphasizes the issues of ethical factors and less- development economies which are ignored by modem evolutionary economics, especially in today＇ s society, and the problem of how to reduce social exclusion in the process of social economic development has become the frontier of evolutionary economics. Re - finding the German Historical School, the fore - runner of evolutionary economics and which could be presented by Schmollerprogramm, has important theoretical and practical significances.