农田土壤养分变异与大豆分区施肥技术研究

Study on the technology of variation of soil nutrients in farmland and regionalized fertilization of soybean

采用全球卫星定位系统(GPS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对沈阳军区通北一场土壤进行了空间变异特征和分区施肥研究。结果表明,黑龙江省北部大豆主产区黑土养分含量比较丰富,氮、磷、钾含量较高,硼和锌含量较低。土壤中有机质、N、P、K、S、B、Zn等元素含量的空间分布具有明显的变异性。土壤养分偏斜程度与土壤养分变异系数之间存在较密切的线性相关关系,相关系数R=0.57。大豆分区平衡施肥取得了显著效果,较习惯施肥平均增产243 kg/hm2,增产12.1%,增收696元/hm2。

The paper studied on the spatial variability and regionalized fertilization of soybean at the Shenyang Military Area Tongbei Farm by using the technology of Global Positioning System （GPS） and Geography Information System （GIS）. The results showed that the black soil in the north of Heilongjiang Province was relatively rich in fertilities; the contents of nitrogen, phospho- tons and potassium were fairly high, but the contents of boron and zinc were very low. The variation of spatial distribution of OM, N, P, K, S, B and Zn was significant. The correlation existed between the degree of soil nutrients declining and the coetfficient of variance of the soil nutrients was close; and the coefficient of correlation was 0.57. The regionalized fertilization of soybean had achieved a good result, through which the yield increased 243 kg/hm^2, it increased by 12.1%, the benefit was 696 yuan/hm^2, on average.