不饱和聚酯树脂改性研究进展

Advances in modification of unsaturated polyester resin

综述了不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)改性的研究进展。介绍了收缩率控制机理,低收缩研究发展的4个阶段,低收缩剂LSA的典型代表——聚苯乙烯(PS),聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),聚醋酸乙烯(PVAc),PVAc-PS共聚物。讨论了UPR增韧改性方法,提高分子主链对称性,在分子结构中引入长链醇与长链酸,长链醇包括一缩二乙二醇、二缩三乙二醇及聚乙二醇;长链二元酸如己二酸等。此外还可加入热塑性弹性体,如液体橡胶、液体聚氨酯等以形成互穿网络结构增韧UPR。论述了提高UPR阻燃性的2种途径,即选用本质阻燃性树脂和向UPR中添加阻燃剂。介绍了含卤有机阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂、主链或主链与侧链均含磷的阻燃剂和赋予阻燃性的影响因素。介绍了部分采用可降解的植物纤维——竹纤维制备的UP复合材料和木粉改善UPR的性能。这些方法使不饱和聚酯树脂在低收缩性能、力学性能、阻燃性能等方面得到了改善,扩展了其应用范围。

In the paper, recent reseach progresses in modification of unsaturated polyester resin （UPR） were reviewed with 16 refs. The mechanism of shrinkage and control, modal low shrinkage additive （LSA） in four steps of UPR modification development for example polystyrene （PS）, methyl methacrylate （PMMA）, polyvinyl acetate （PVAc） and PVAc-PS copolymer in which PVAc terminal in one end of molecular chain and PS terminal in another end of same molecular chain meanwhile were introduced. The toughened modification process of UPR, including increasing molecular symmetry in main chain, introducing long chain alcohol or acid to the molecular main chain such as diglycol, triethylene glycol, polyglycol or hexane diacid et, al, blending UPR with thermoplastic elastomer such as liquid rubber or liquid polyurethane et al. and forming IPN structure of UPR with other polymer was mainly discussed. The two technics of flame retardant （FR） UPR, including selecting intrinsic flame retardant resin and adding flame retardant which was halogen- containing FR, phosphor - containing FR in main chain, and/or main and side chain, and inorganic FR to UPR and its effect factor were also described. Some novel modification making composite partially using degradable natural bamboo fibre and wood powder- modifying UPR were mentioned. The property of shrinkage, mechanical properties and inflaming retarding property of UPR were improved by all above methods therefore they were used more widely.