普通丝瓜第1雌花节位遗传研究

Genetics of the first female flower bud's node position in Luffa(Luffa cylindrical L.)

选用第1雌花节位有梯度差异的普通丝瓜品种L001与L023配制组合，调查P1、P2、F1、B1和B2第1雌花节位，利用植物数量性状主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型联合分离分析了第1雌花节位遗传规律。结果表明：普通丝瓜第1雌花节位遗传符合2对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基因遗传模型；B1、B2和F2群体遗传率（主基因＋多基因）分别为54.45％、61.88％和58.91％，且以加性效应为主；环境方差占总表型方差的38.02％-45.1％。结论：对第1雌花节位进行定向选择具有较为明显的效果；早熟性不太可能通过杂优育种来实现；以第1雌花节位均较低的材料作为双亲，才能提高早熟育种效率。环境对第1雌花节位的遗传影响较大，要不断地对第1雌花节位进行选择。

Multiple generations of Luffa （Luffa cylindrical L.） from the cross between.an inbred line ‘L001＇ and ‘L023＇ were used to investigate the genetics of the first female flower bud in the main vine. A major gene plus a polygene model of the quantitative traits was applied for the analysis. The results showed that the genetics of the crossed plants fitted the model of “two adding major gene plus adding-dominance polygene.” Heritability of the genes （major genes＋polygene） of B1, B2 and F2 population were estimated to be 54.45%, 61.88%, and 58. 91%, respectively. And the additive effect appeared to be dominant. The environmental effect contributed 38. 02%-45.1% of the total VAR. It is concluded that selection of node of the first female flower bud in luffa produced sig- nificant effect and that selecting the two cultivated varieties as parents for crossing using the nodes of the first female flower bud at low position as a criterion was effective for early-maturation breeding purpose. The environment af- fected greatly on the genetics of the node of the first female flower bud in luffa. Therefore, continuous selection on the first nodes seemed necessary.