漫湾水电站水库水温分布观测与数学模型计算研究

Study on the water temperature structure of the Manwan Reservoir

近年来建设的高坝大库越来越多,下泄低温水的影响日趋严重,对水库下泄低温水的影响和减缓措施的研究应给予关注和不断加强。本文是对已投入运行的漫湾水电站库区的水温结构进行研究。通过2004年2月对漫湾水库进行水温分布现场观测,并辅以三维数值模型计算,获得了较详细的水温分布成果。研究结果表明,漫湾水库的水温结构既不属于典型分层型又不属于完全混合型,应属于局部分层型或过渡型。该成果对于流域梯级水电开发对水环境的影响研究,具有一定的代表性,可用于类比分析研究与漫湾水库条件类似的其它水电站。

In recent years, a number of large reservoirs with high dams were constructed. The reservoir＇ s discharge with lower temperature has affected downstream ecological environment seriously. Aimming at studying the lower temperature water effect, the authors investigated the water temperature structure of the Manwan Reservoir. The Manwan Reservoir is one of the cascade hydropower stations constructed in the mid-and-lower reaches of the Lancang River. Based on a field measurement of the real temperature structure in the reservoir, a 3-D numerical model MIKE3 was applied to simulate the water temperature distribution for a whole year. It was found that the water temperature structure in Manwan Reservoir, in general, belongs to partially-layered type or transition type. This simulation has important significance for understanding water environment influence of Lancang River＇ s cascade hydropower stations. The results may be referred to for other reservoirs which are similar to Manwan Project.