伴焦虑的初中生父母养育方式与人格研究

A study of parent rearing style and personality characteristic on junior high school students companied with anxiety

目的：调查初中生焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法：用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表（SCARED）、父母养育方式问卷（EMBU）、艾森克人格问卷（少年版）、应对方式问卷,对上海市杨浦区一所中学288名11-14岁学生进行调查。结果：焦虑组与对照组在出生时情况、家庭结构、是否独生子女方面差异均存在显著性（P均〈0.05）。两组在应对方式,自责,幻想,退避,合理性,解决问题,求助,父亲惩罚、严厉,拒绝、否认,过分保护;母亲过分干涉,惩罚,情感温暖、理解,人格精神质,神经质,掩饰各因子差异均存在显著性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。相关分析发现广泛性焦虑与母亲的过分干涉,过分保护,精神质明显正相关,学校恐怖与自责、精神质明显正相关;广泛性焦虑与掩饰程度、分离性焦虑与幻想明显负相关。结论：初中生有明显的焦虑情绪,父母养育方式,个性,应对方式是焦虑的影响因素。

Objective：To investigate the anxiety status and its influence factors in junior high school students. Method：288 junior high school students aged 11 to 14 were investigated with screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders （SCARED）, egma minnen av bardndosnauppforstran （EMBU）, Eyseneek personality questionnaireadolescent version,coping style qestionnaire. Results：There were significant differences in items of status during birth,family frame and one child or not in a family between anxiety group and control group （ P 〈 0.05） ;also in factors of coping style, self-abuse, illusion, withdrawal, rationality, problem-solving, resort, father＇ s punishment, sternness, rejection, denial, overprotection, mother＇ s intervention, punishment, emotional-warmth, understanding, personality psychopath, neuropath and camouflage （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Generalized anxiety was positively correlated with mother over-intervention,over-protection and psychopath; and school phobia was positively related to self-abuse and psychopath. Generalized anxiety was negatively correlated to camouflage, and separating anxiety was negatively correlated with illusion. Conclusion：Junior high school students may have obvious anxious mood and its related influence factors include parent rearing style, personality characteristic and coping style.