论科举制与明清社会秩序建设的耦合——以山东临朐冯氏科举家族为例

Coupling between the Imperial Examination System and Construction of Social Order in the Ming-Qing Period——A Case on the Feng's Imperial Examination Clan in Linqu County of Shandong Province

中国传统文化是一个覆盖政治、经济、军事等各个领域的巨大系统,科举制度的推行是与这个系统相互配合得较为良好的一个环节。它已完全超越了选官本身的意义,而成为集中体现中国优良文化传统的标志:它调动了宗法制的积极性,并将之推广到全社会,形成了一种面向全体公民的开放性;它倡导了追求礼法的价值观念,成为凝聚人心的坚韧纽带,有效地实现了主流价值观念的普及;它强化了社会分层的等级意识,建立起了一种社会相对和谐的稳定秩序。山东临朐冯氏家族的发展史给了我们一个形象的诠释。

Chinese traditional culture is a huge system which covered politics, economy and military affairs, the imperial examination was a good sector which coordinated with this system. It had surmounted select officials system itself and become a sign which centrally reflected Chinese good culture tradition; It had brought patriarchal society enthusiasm into play and extended it into the whole society and formed the policy of opening to every citizen; It initiated a value of seeking ceremony and propriety and regarded it as a tie of condensed popular feeling and realized the target of spreading mainstream value among the people; It strengthened grade consciousness on social arrangement and set up a relatively stable social order. Development history of the Feng＇s in Linqu county of Shandong province is a good case.