广西边远少数民族大学生体型及体质指数的3年追踪

Body mass index and somatotype of minority university students in Guangxi:Follow up of 3 years

目的:依据同期全国标准对2645名少数民族学生身体机能状况进行3年追踪观察,并与同期全国农村学生平均值比较。方法:观察对象为广西民族大学2003级学生,均参加了广西民族大学2003年、2004年、2005年3次体质健康测试。参加测试学生共15个民族2645人,其中男生1337人,女生1308人,年龄18～20岁。收集受试学生3年的身高、体质量、肺活量、立定跳远、立位体前屈、体质量指数等数据,与同期全国农村学生平均值比较,应用SPSS11.5软件进行数据处理。结果:①身高和体质量:学生刚进校时的身高偏低、体质量偏轻,到了大学三年级,身高体质量与全国持平,增长率比全国农村学生同期多2.45%;女生身高体质量增幅明显低于男生,身高增长率比全国同期多1.57%,而体质量增长率则比全国农村学生同期少0.4%,形成偏瘦型体型。②肺活量:学生刚进校时肺活量低于同期全国农村学生平均水平(P<0.01),3年里男生增长了11.55%、女生增长率为27.72%,到了大学三年级女生肺活量达到全国农村学生同期平均水平,男生还没有达到。③立位体前屈:学生在刚入校时高于同期全国农村学生平均水平(P<0.01),男女生均呈逐年上升趋势。④立定跳远:学生在下肢肌肉力量和爆发力能力上低于全国农村学生同期水平,到了大学三年级,男生增长率为18.15%,达到了全国农村学生同期水平,女生低于全国农村学生同期水平。⑤体质量指数:男女学生均低于全国农村学生同期水平,体质量偏轻者女生多于男生。结论:①广西民族大学2003级2645名少数民族学生大学3年期间身体形态发育处于高峰期,男生身体形态发育良好;女生形成偏瘦型体型,身体形态发育情况总体欠佳。②与全国农村学生同期平均水平比较,少数民族学生肺活量机能较差,立位体前屈机能较高,立定跳远平均水平男生较高,女生较差。③男女体质量指数分布有所不同,体质量偏轻者女生多于男生,营养状况总体欠佳。

AIM： To follow up 2 645 minority students for the physical function condition in 3 years according to the national standards at the same stage, and compare it with rural students. METHODS： 2 645 students of 15 minority groups including 1 337 males and 1 308 females aged 18-20 years were selected from the Grade 2003, Guangxi University for Nationalities, who took part in the physical examination in 2003, 2004 and 2005. Their data such as height, body mass, lung capacity, standing long jump, trunk extension forward, and body mass index were collected and compared with those of rural students＇. SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS： ①The height and body mass of newly enrolled students were rather low, but reached to the national level two years later, the increase rate was 2.45% times as that of rural students; the increase in height and body mass of females was significantly lower than that in males, and 1.57% times as height of rural students, but 0.4% less than them in body mass. ②Lung capacity of newly enrolled students was lower than that of rural students （P 〈 0.01 ）. Within 3 years, the level of boys was increased 11.55%, and that of girls was 27.72%. The lung capacity of female juniors reached the levels of rural students, but the boys did not.③The trunk extension forward of newly enrolled students was higher than that of rural students during the same period （P 〈 0.01 ）, and the levels in boys and girls were gradually increased year by year.④The muscle strength and explosive force of lower limbs of newly enrolled students were lower than those in rural students. When up to the grade three, the levels of boys were increased 18.15%, the same as that of rural students, but the girls were still lower than that of rural students.⑤The body mass index of fresh students was lower than that of rural ones. Girls who were lower in body mass were more than that of boys. CONCLUSION： ①The physical development of 2 645 minority students reaches the peak during 3 years. Of them, the boys are superior to girls. The general development is poor.②Compared with rural students, the male minority students present worse lung capacity, higher trunk extension forward, and longer standing jump, but the girls are not.③Gids with lower body mass are more than that of boys.