儿童急性巨核细胞白血病

Childhood Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia

本研究通过实例分析儿童急性巨核细胞白血病(AMKL)的临床、病理和生物学特征。用骨髓细胞涂片观察细胞的形态;用流式细胞技术和免疫组织化学方法检测肿瘤细胞的免疫表型。结果表明:本例以发热、出血、肝脾淋巴结肿大为主要临床症状,白细胞增多伴两系血细胞减少,骨髓干抽,骨髓原始巨核细胞异常增生超过30%,原始细胞的免疫分型为CD41+CD61+。骨髓活检显示,髓内增生的单个核大细胞为CD42b+。最后诊断为急性巨核细胞白血病。结论儿童急性巨核细胞白血病较为少见,容易误诊,预后不好;免疫分型和免疫组织化学检测有助于该病的早期诊断和预后评估。

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, pathological and biological features of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in childhood. The morphology of cells was observed by means of bone marrow smear; the immunophenotype was detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry assay. The results indicated that the fever, hemorrhage, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy in this case were the primary presentations accompanying by leukocytosis, anemia and thrombocytopenia. An adequate marrow aspirate could not be obtained. At the time of diagnosis, the bone marrow had more than 30% megakaryoblasts in nucleated cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed the dual expression of CD41 and CD61 by tumor cells in bone marrow. The histopathological examination of bone marrow demonstrated infiltration of large-sized CD42b^＋ cells. According to all above mentioned results, this case was diagnosed as acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. In conclusion, childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a rare and easily misdiagnosed disease with poor prognosis. Flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry assay of bone marrow can help in detecting this leukemia subtype and evaluating its prognosis.