上气道低阻力鼾症模型猪咽组织的生物力学重建

Mechanical remodeling in the pharyngeal tissues of a pig low pressure of upper airway model

目的:研究上气道低阻力咽腔力学环境改变对咽部软组织(悬雍垂、软腭和鼻咽腔)形态及力学特性的影响。方法:用小型猪建立上气道低阻力动物模型来模拟阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)症状,对动物模型的咽组织(包括鼻咽腔软组织、软腭和悬雍垂)进行单轴拉伸实验,离体检测各部分的弹性,并和正常情形进行对比。同时使用电镜观察低阻力给气道造成的组织学改变。结果:与对照组相比,模型组小型猪的悬雍垂、软腭力学特性发生显著改变,在相同的张应力作用下,模型猪的悬雍垂、软腭更容易拉长。电镜观察表明:低阻力咽腔力学环境造成模型组悬雍垂、软腭纤维组织增生,炎症细胞浸润。结论:上气道低阻力形成类似于OSAHS症状的咽腔力学环境改变,可以引起包括软腭和悬雍垂在内的咽部软组织发生易于OSAHS形成和发展的重建。

Objective： To investigate the effects of pharyngeal respiratory pressure on the tissue morphous and mechanical properties of pharyngeal soft tissues such as staphylion,soft palate and cavum nasopharyngeum in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS）.Methods： An animal model of Low pressure of upper airway was proposed by use of the little type pig,and the tension-stretch ratio relationships of the pharyngeal soft tissues such as cavum nasopharyngeum,soft palate and staphylion were measured in vitro through uniaxial tensile experiments.Meanwhile, histology changes of pharyngeal soft tissues were also observed using electron microscope. Results： To compare with the control one,the significant changes of mechanical properties were observed in the pharyngeal soft tissues of model group.Under effect of the same tensile stress,the staphylion and soft palate of model group were more easily prolonged than that of control group.Under electron microscope,tissue shape and its changes of the staphylion and soft palate in model group can be observed clearly,including hyperplasia of fibers and inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusion： Pharyngeal respiratory pressure analogous to that of OSAHS episodes can cause the pharyngeal soft tissues remodeling prone to OSAHS′s formation and development.