我国航空货运网络结构研究

THE STUDY ON DISTRIBUTING PATTERN AND NETWORK STRUCTURE OF AIR FREIGHT AIRPORTS IN CHINA

选取国内空港130个、航线317条,国际空港72个、航线237条,从空港和航线两个角度探讨我国航空货运机场分布格局和网络结构,结果发现:华东区、华北区、中南区是航空货物的主来源地、目的地和中转地,上海、广州和深圳、北京构成我国航空货运的"三极",形成货运三角;航空货运主要分布在少数枢纽空港间的航线上,呈现集中状态,前五位航线的货运量之和为43.83万t,占27.33%;航空货运高度集中在人口100万以上的城市间,人口100万以下的城市间航空货运联系很弱,所占市场份额之和不足1%,中等城市之间、大城市与中等城市、小城市之间无直航航线联系;我国对外航空货运联系主要集中在北美、日韩、西欧和港澳地区,与东欧、中东和南亚地区的航空货运联系较弱,与非洲和拉美地区目前还没有直通航班。

Choosing 130 domestic airports and 317 domestic airlines,72 international airports and 237 international airlines, this paper analyses the air freight airport distributing pattern and network structure in China at the angle of airport and airline , it indicates that： East China, South China and Central - South China are the main origins, destinations and transshipments, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, Beijing form the air freight ＂three angles＂ of China; the air freight main distribute in several hub airlines, and the whole top 5 quantity of the air freight is up to 412600 ton, account for 8.72 percent; the air freight high concentrate on the citys which poptdation is more one million, while the air freight contact of city which poptdation is less than one million is feeble, the total of market quotient is less than one percent and there is no direct airline between medium cities and big cities, among medium cities, among small cities; the international air freight contact main concentrate on North America, Japan- Korea, Western Europe, Hong Kong and Macao, the air freight contact with Eastern Europe, Middle East and South Asia is feeble, and there are no direct airline to Africa and Latin America.