海外现代中国研究视野中的科学技术角色

Roles of Science in Overseas Modern China Studies

分析海外现代中国研究视野中的科学技术角色,将有助于启迪现代中国科学史研究的思路,并检讨现代中国社会史和思想史的研究进路。本文通过解读这一领域中的部分非科学史文献,指出海外中国学家在"科学-现代化"、"科学-文化"、"科学-政治"三种分析视角下,分别刻画出了作为现代化元素、异质文化以及意识形态的科学角色。但是,由于这许多研究仍将科学预设为理性、进步、正义的化身,并将其视作改变中国传统社会的单质性、不变性的动力,因此他们无法为我们呈现科学知识、科学方法、科学建制与科学威权在中国遭遇的历时性建构过程,也无法讲述一个脱离了西方文化场景的科学,在中国本土化、地方化、情景化的复杂故事。

In Modern China Studies,many overseas scholars are used to adopt three approaches such as science-modernization,science-culture and science-politics to analyze the roles of science in modern China.According to these ways,science in modern China has correspondingly been presented as a modernized element,a kind of hetero-culture and ideology.Compared with the approaches used in studies for social history of science,their research can provide us with a diversified historical background of science-society,but not depict a historical picture about the localization of science in China precisely and subtly.