西安秦始皇兵俑耳廓造型的解剖学考察

Investigate the auricle anatomical sculpt of terracotta warriors in Emperor Qin’s Mausoleum

目的通过对秦兵俑耳廓造型解剖学考察,为进一步探索秦代在体质观测、科学应用与艺术表达能力诸方面提供人类学基础。方法采用现场观测与望远摄影观测,主要对西安临潼秦俑博物馆1号坑215例兵俑耳廓的16项解剖学标志结构的造型表达,开展了非测量性考察。结果发现能准确或接近正常位置形态的耳廓造型可达138例,占64%;解剖学标志结构造型表达频数为2663,占77.4%;准确表达10项以上结构的有138侧俑耳,占64%;经分析具有统计学意义。结论考察表明,秦兵俑耳廓造型及解剖学结构的表达基本准确,说明2000多年前秦兵俑的创作者已能充分掌握丰富的体质人类学解剖知识和具备相当娴熟的艺术造型的应用能力。

Objective By investigating the auricle anatomical sculpt of terracotta warriors in Emperor Qin＇s Mausoleum, it can provide anthropologic basic to explore constitutional observation, scientific application and artistic expressive ability in Qi dynasty. Methods The 215 cases＇s formative expression of 16 anatomical typical configuration was mainly investigated by adopting spot obserbation and photogrammetry in the number 1 hole of Emperor Qin＇s Mausoleum Museum in Xi＇an Lintong. Results Auricle sculpt equaling to or approaching normal positional configuration has 138 cases, 64 percent; Formative expressional frequences of anatomical typical configuration were 2663, 77.4 percent; Confuguration accurately expressing more than 10 items has 138, 64 percent; It has statistical significance by analyse. Conclusion Observation indicats that the expression of the auricle sculpt and anatomical structure of terracotta warriors in Emperor Qin＇s Mausoleum is basicly right, the originator of termcotta warriors in Emperor Qin＇s Mausoleum already can predominate abundant anthropological constitutional anatomical knowledge and possess skilled application in artistic sculpt.