康熙三十四年建太和殿大木结构研究

A Study of the Large Timber Construction Work at the Hall of Supreme Harmony(Taihe Dian)in the 34th Year of the Kangxi Emperor(1695)

本文在王璞子、傅熹年先生的基础上,通过深入研究《太和殿纪事》所记载的大木尺寸,详细测量、分析太和殿木结构的现状尺寸,得出以下结论1、康熙三十四年所建太和殿平面丈尺是用清尺在明代遗留建筑基址上量度确定的,明清大木侧脚设计有所差异;2、太和殿通檐柱高(柱脚至挑檐枋上皮)等于明间开间;3、金柱高(至上层檐)为通檐柱高的1.5倍;4、上下层斗拱在此基础上深化设计、权衡尺寸,总出挑凑足整尺寸,并通盘考虑以适合檐步举架尺寸;5、按照前后挑檐檩间距的1/3确定屋架正心桁之间的总举架高度。

On the basis of preliminary research conducted by Wang Puzi and Fu Xinian,the authors have examined the detailed measurements of timbers recorded in Taihe Dian Jishi and have carried out their own calculations and made their own measurements.They concluded:(1) The ground plans for the reconstruction of Taihe Dian in 1695 were very precise,using Qing measurements based on the remains of the Ming Dynasty structure,but there were differences between the Ming and Qing designs in the cejiao('side foot','footings')of the building.(2) The entire height of the eaves-columns(from the base of the column to the eaves-support strut)was equivalent to the span of a bay on the Ming Dynasty structure.(3)The height of the central columns(to the upper-level eaves)was 1.5 times the height of the eaves-columns. (4)The upper-and lower-level dougong brackets were designed on the basis of the above,and the balancing measurements invariably exceeded the overall measurements,because overall consideration needed to be given to the appropriate measurement of the step-up of the eaves. (5)The lift-height of the eaves needed to be somewhere in the middle of one third of the difference between the eaves' heights.