间歇性低氧训练对游泳运动员运动能力影响的实验研究

Experiment Research of IHT'S Influence on the Athletic Ability of Swimming Athletes

目的旨在通过对高水平游泳运动员间歇性低氧训练(IHT)中血液指标变化的研究,进一步探求IHT的有关机制,为游泳运动项目建立相应的IHT模型,使IHT成为一种具有实用价值的有效辅助训练方法,促进运动成绩提高发挥作用。方法以陕西省游泳队男运动员为受试对象,在实验室条件下实施为期3 w氧浓度逐周递减的间歇性低氧训练,测试血液学指标、血乳酸、力竭时间、心率。结果(1)RBC、HB、HCT均在正常生理范围内,但有个体差异;WBC、Lymph%均在正常生理含量;(2)在逐级递增负荷中,间歇性低氧训练后运动员力竭时间延长,由1 606.57 s提高至1 689 s,力竭负荷由低氧训练前267.7 w提高到281.5 w;(3)乳酸阈功率在七位受试者中有一人下降,两人不变,四人提高,总体平均值提高12.25%。结论(1)血液指标检查结果IHT前后均在正常生理含量,说明IHT对于游泳运动员机能影响机制有别于高原训练;(2)经过IHT后,运动时间延长,表明IHT可以提高机体的耐力素质;(3)IHT后安静心率比训练前降低,且同级负荷时训练后心率始终低于训练前,表明心脏的输出功率增大;(4)乳酸阈强度提高充分显示IHT使运动员有氧代谢能力提高,运动能力增强。

Objective： the study is to investigate the mechanism of IHT on elite swimming athelets, in order to find the IHT model for swimming exercises and make IHT become one of the effective assisted training methods and promote sport performance. Methods With the three week＇ s IHT on the male athletes of Shanxi swimming team, blood routine test , blood lactic acid , exhausted time and heart rate were adminastrated. Results after IHT, the blood routine test were kept nonnany, the exhausted time of the athletes was prolonged from 1 606.57 s to 1 689.0 s,the exhaust load was increased from 267.7 W to 281.5 W,the lactic acid threshold power was increased by 12.25 % significantly. Conclusion IHT could not change the level of the blood routine test , the effect of IHT on the swimming athletes was different with the altitude training. IHT could increase the endurance diathesis and the heart output power of the athletes. IHT could increase the lactic acid threshold, increase the aerobic capacity and exercise capacity of the athelets.