天津市居民膳食结构及与血脂异常的关系

Study on Diet Pattern and Association with Hyperlipidemia in Residents of Tianjin Cities

目的了解天津居民膳食结构及膳食营养水平,分析主要膳食因素与血脂异常患病的风险。方法采用2002年全国营养与健康状况调查统一方法,抽取天津城区常住人口1080户,对其中部分人群进行膳食调查及血生化检测。结果天津居民膳食结构中存在着钙、镁、锌、钾、硫胺素、核黄素、纤维素和视黄醇等摄入不足;钠、脂肪、维生素E等超过参考摄入量;与膳食平衡宝塔比较,天津居民蔬菜、水果、奶类及豆制品等食物摄入偏低,而油脂和食盐摄入过量;脂肪、蔬菜水果、膳食纤维摄入与血脂异常的患病风险密切相关,膳食脂肪的供能比≥30/是血脂异常的危险因素,OR为2.22;蔬菜水果摄入量≥500g/d是血脂异常的保护因子,OR为0.47;每人每天膳食纤维摄入量≥20g是血脂异常的保护因素,OR为0.24。结论天津市居民膳食结构与营养水平影响着天津居民的健康状况,与血脂异常的患病密切相关。

Objective In order to understand diet pattern and nutrition status, and to analyze relation between diet factors and hyperlipidemia in Tianjin sampled residents. Methods With the standardized methods for 2002 National Survey on Nutrition and Health in china, 1 080 families in Tianjin cities were selected and some of them were detected on their diet survey and blood biochemistry items. Results The results showed that some nutrients intakes in sample population were deficiency in calcium, thiamine, zinc, dietary fiber and vitamin A; and excess in sodium, fat and vitamin E. The diet pattern was unbalanced, the intake of vegetable, fruit, milk and soy bean were insufficient and intake of fat and salt excessive. Higher intakes of vegetables, fruits and diet fiber were protective factors for hyperlipidemia. Conclusion The unbalanced diet pattern had an adverse effect on health in Tianjin residents, there were closely relation between diet factors and hyperlipidemia. It was necessary to strengthen nutrition intervention and nutrition education, to reduce lipid level and incidence of hyperlipidemia,